N-asyylietanolaminien ja muiden yksinkertaisten amidien analyysivaikeaa. Linkkejä(7) asiasta .

6.   Analysis

The main problems in the analysis of N-acylethanolamines and other simple amides relate to the low levels at which they occur naturally. There is a concern that artefactually high results can be obtained because of the physiological effects of sampling methods. However, sensitive methods that utilize high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring are available for the actual measurements. Liquid chromatography allied to tandem mass spectrometry is now proving of particular value. For a list of references on analysis, see our literature survey of analytical methods.

Recommended Reading

• Brown, I., Cascio, M.G., Rotondo, D., Pertwee, R.G., Heys, S.D. and Wahle, K.W.J. Cannabinoids and omega-3/6 endocannabinoids as cell death and anticancer modulators. Prog. Lipid Res., 52, 80-109 (2013) (DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.10.001).
• Coulon, C., Faure, L., Salmon, M., Wattelet, V. and Bessoule, J.-J. N-Acylethanolamines and related compounds: Aspects of metabolism and functions. Plant Science, 184, 129-140 (2012) (DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.12.015).
• Driscoll, W.J., Chaturvedi, S. and Mueller, G.P. Oleamide synthesizing activity from rat kidney: identification as cytochrome c. J. Biol. Chem., 282, 22353-22363 (2007) (DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M610070200).
• Fonseca, B.M., Costa, M.A., Almada, M., Correia-da-Silva, G. and Teixeira, N.A. Endogenous cannabinoids revisited: a biochemistry perspective. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediators, 102/103, 13-30 (2013) (DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2013.02.002).
• Kim, S.-C., Chapman, K.D. and Blancaflor, E.B. Fatty acid amide lipid mediators in plants. Plant Sci., 178, 411-419 (2010) (DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.02.017).
• Kokotos, G. Endocannabinoids. In: Bioactive Lipids. pp. 245-264. (edited by A. Nicolaou and G. Kokotos, The Oily Press, Bridgwater) (2004).
• Maccarrone, M., Gasperi, V., Catani, M.V., Diep, T.A., Dainese, E., Hansen, H.S. and Avigliano, L. The endocannabinoid system and its relevance for nutrition. Annu. Rev. Nutr., 30, 423-440 (2010) (DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.012809.104701).
• Pacher, P., Batkai, S. and Kunos, G. The endocannabinoid system as an emerging target of pharmacotherapy. Pharmacol. Rev., 58, 389-462 (2006) (DOI: 10.1124/pr.58.3.2).
• Petrosino, S., Iuvone, T. and Di Marzo, V. N-Palmitoyl-ethanolamine: Biochemistry and new therapeutic opportunities. Biochimie, 92, 724-727 (2010) (DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.01.006).
• Pillarisetti, S., Alexander, C.W. and Khanna, I. Pain and beyond: fatty acid amides and fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Drug Discovery Today, 14, 1098-1111 (2009) (DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2009.08.002).
• Piomelli, D. More surprises lying ahead. The endocannabinoids keep us guessing. Neuropharmacology, 76, 228-234 (2014) (DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.07.026).
• Rouzer, C.A. and Marnett, L.J. Endocannabinoid oxygenation by cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and cytochromes P450: Cross-talk between the eicosanoid and endocannabinoid signaling pathways. Chem. Rev., 111, 5899–5921 (2011) (DOI: 10.1021/cr2002799).
• Thabuis, C., Tissot-Favre, D., Bezelgues, J.-B., Martin, J.-C., Cruz-Hernandez, C., Dionisi, F. and Destaillats, F. Biological functions and metabolism of oleoylethanolamide. Lipids, 43, 887-894 (2008) (DOI: 10.1007/s11745-008-3217-y).
• Ueda, N., Tsuboi, K. and Uyama, T. Enzymological studies on the biosynthesis of N-acylethanolamines. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1801, 1274-1285 (2010) (DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2010.08.010).
• Wellner, N., Diep, T.A., Janfelt, C. and Hansen, H.S. N-Acylation of phosphatidylethanolamine and its biological functions in mammals. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1831, 652-662 (2013) (DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.08.019).
• Zoerner, A.A., Gutzki, F.M., Batkai, S., May, M., Rakers, C., Engeli, S., Jordan, J. and Tsikas, D. Quantification of endocannabinoids in biological systems by chromatography and mass spectrometry: A comprehensive review from an analytical and biological perspective. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1811, 706-723 (2011) (DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.08.004).
  

Updated February 18, 2014